Chapter 29: ‘Spooky’ Action at a Distance and the Logic of Force Fields

 

This subject uses much of what has gone before, but is of such importance that I feel that it needs its own treatment and be able to ‘stand alone’. Einstein is supposed to have been concerned about ‘spooky’ action at a distance as happens in ‘force fields’ such as electric, magnetic, gravitational fields. He had good reason to be concerned because to him, and others today, there is no logical explanation if you use space-time (world O) thinking.

 

The first comment is that there is a logical explanation, but it requires a slightly different logic and that is the Logic of the Half-truth that we have been dealing with throughout the book. To digress, Einstein, and others today find certain things like quantum mechanics, relativity and force fields to be very strange and, just as I did previously with quantum mechanics and relativity, I will show that a very simple logic will fix the understanding, but first, we need more attractors (concepts) and the next to consider is ‘magic’.

 

I have mentioned that reality has to be continuous and complete. If it is not, strange things happen that could be called magic and the space-time that Einstein and others used, is not continuous because it doesn’t work in the instances that I have quoted, namely quantum mechanics, relativity and action at a distance as in force fields. To make their reality complete, another dimension must be added, and that is the Half-truth. Magic occurs when logic breaks down and magic cannot exist where logic rules.

 

Everyone uses logic all of the time, but logic (true and false) is not complete or continuous and forms a reality that has ‘holes’, which means that we live in a reality that contains magic and that magic appears when we consider the edges of world O, and also in chaos or indeterminacy. ‘Theodor Kaluza and Oskar Klein made their fame among scientists by showing that recognizing the existence of a fifth dimension could solve their problems…. The answer, claim physicists, is that it is very small and curled up in a circle.’ (The Great Ideas That Shaped Our World, Pete Moore, p38) I believe that the universe has a ‘dimension’ called the Half-truth that when used, fixes ALL problems because we need five ‘dimensions’ to describe ‘everything’, including speech, consciousness, reality etc. Fields are so important that an understanding of the logic behind them is important. Notice that I said logic, and we are going to apply the Half-truth to force fields.

 

The multiverse is a space that contains all possible universes with all possible combinations of physical constants. We know that it exists because it contains our world, but what space could hold the infinite number of universes and the simplest answer (Occams’ razor) is one that doesn’t exist. Indeed, I mentioned this previously, and found that the probability of existence could be real because it is complete and continuous. The multiverse is similarly real because it follows the Half-truth, which is, that it is true some of the time because we, ourselves have a reality.

 

It has been said previously that we must have a certain level of ‘stickiness’ for accretion of matter to have occurred in the universe and to allow us to function and we call this gravity. At least two states are necessary for a system/computer/brain etc to function, and these two states we call matter and energy. Gravity occurs between matter-matter, matter-energy and energy-energy and I have no idea if each relation has the same value, but probably they do because of Occam’s razor.

 

After the Big Bang, (some sort of) potential energy condensed, space was created due to the uncertainty principle and these particles moved out through collisions and, at the same time, photons created their space and time and moved out at the speed of light (whatever it was at that time). Energy changed to matter and back again because they are the same thing, but frictionlessly. Note that in world O and P, matter is equivalent to energy, but in world O, E=mc2 because of the units that we use and we want to measure the amounts (and the c2 is there to make the dimensions correct).

 

I have to assume that the total energy of the big Bang remains constant because I do not know if the gravity interactions are equal. However, where we have gravity, potential energy is created and that potential energy increases as the universe expands. I am using the expression that a (constant) total energy of the universe equals potential energy of gravity plus any other energy. I need only those terms for this derivation.

 

Two effects from previously, ‘Pound-Rebka set up an experiment to measure the blueshift of light travelling straight down. They emitted the light at the top of a four story building and caught it in the basement.’ (milesmathis.com/pound.html) and the red-shift from the expanding universe show that photons (and probably matter) automatically keep track of their potential energy. ‘In cosmological redshift, the wavelength at which the radiation is originally emitted is lengthened as it travels through (expanding) space. Cosmological redshift results from the expansion of space itself and not from the motion of an individual body.’ (Swinburne Astrnomy Online)

 

Action at a distance, that does not require a particle to transfer something, is similar to the derivation that was used in describing relativity, and I’ll repeat it because it is so trivial, but makes a point. Whatever is around us is indeterminate to us unless we measure it and it does its own thing as it was designed (within the multiverse) to do until we measure it. For relativity, if we measure the speed of light, we find it to be c. If another observer in a moving frame (relative to us) measures the speed of light, it turns out to be c because light moves through space at a constant speed (when measured). But this (world P) effect cancels out when the two experimenters look at each other’s frame of reference, and we then have the inexplicable fact that the speed of light is the same for each observer even though they are moving relative to each other. We have to take world P into account for the context to make sense.

 

Coming back to gravity, it was mentioned earlier that force is an O world concept where a body doesn’t complete its natural path and that requires a measurement and a mind. Gravity is not a ‘force of gravity’ due to the ‘acceleration due to gravity’, but a change in potential – with a ‘spring in our step’. Gravity produces the movement of a body into a potential ‘well’ created by another body so, we can say (at this point) that action at a distance is simply a difference in potential energy able to cause a readjustment.

 

The Pound-Rebka experiment and red-shift indicate that photons are able to ‘know’ their potential at any time, and this can be generalized to include matter and we can make it easier to visualise, if we use mathematics that makes a simple context that integrates with our mind and can be applied to quanta and to the universe at the same time. I derived previously that ‘we evolved a reality from the probability of existence’ using the Mathematics of the Mind and the Logic of the Half-truth, and, as the properties of probability space are unusual, I will bring an over-arching context into the picture to aid understanding.

 

If I throw a coin it will land 50% of the time as a ‘head’ and 50% of the time as a ‘tail’ (in the limit), so the probability space that we are dealing with is:

 

.5           .5                 total 1

 

If I had a magically biased coin giving:

 

.6           .4                 total 1

 

the total would still be 1, and a probability space, such as the universe would have a total of 1 as well. Thus, if any point changed its probability, EVERY other point would change so the total is 1. This is logical in a world P that only has the ‘dimension’ of logic and any change in the value at one point is reflected in every other point in the universe. Thus, again, we see that quantum mechanics and the universe are intimately linked together.

 

So, what is this probability, a probability of? The answer is, probably (what we call) energy. The Big Bang produced a certain amount of energy, which cooled and converted to matter, produced space and time, and whilst the total energy (probably) remains constant, the potential energy increases as the ‘initial energy’ is converted to potential energy with the expansion of the universe. It should be noted that what we think of as ‘initial energy’ can also be considered to be photons and potential energy. Photons are quantised but have infinitely varying energy and potential is infinitely varying. This is important because the energy of the universe must always be 1.

 

Thus, every particle in the universe is monitored and its energy adjusted to make the total 1 for the universe. It might be hard to believe, but this has to be because it is logical and logic is the only ‘dimension’ in the universe (P). A field is defined by using a test object placed at different points to map the field and record the result, and requires a mind.

 

To give a concise answer to the question of what is a gravitational field: a gravitational field has a magnitude that we need for us to exist on our planet and changes continually so that the result is the conservation of energy over the entire universe and is a measure of the potential energy of two points with respect to a third point (potential well) and requires a mind to determine it and use it.

 

What is the current thinking on the subject of gravity? ‘In Physics, the graviton is a hypothetical elementary particle that mediates the force of gravitation in the framework of quantum field theory. If it exists, the graviton is expected to be massless (because the gravitational force appears to have unlimited range) and must be a spin-2 boson.’ (Wikipedia, Graviton) Further, ‘in physics, gravitational waves are ripples in the curvature of space-time that propagates as a wave, travelling outwards from the source. Predicted in 1916 by Albert Einstein to exist on the basis of general relativity, gravitational waves theoretically transport energy as gravitational radiation.’ (Wikipedia, Gravitational wave)

 

To condense the above: the aim, as has been stated often, is to provide a simple theory to enable our mind to confabulate faster in a modern world and the simplicity and connectivity of my approach makes it appealing in this regard.

 

Gravity is an attraction that has to be at a certain level for us to exist, and as an attraction, provides a potential energy that is governed by the over-arching conservation of energy in the universe and constantly changing at every point communicated instantly as logic. Any speed less than instant would ‘break’ the logic, also, there is no reason why this instant speed should not occur because the speed of light is the maximum speed that we can measure, as stated before, because light is our measuring rod.

 

A gravitational field is indeterminate until it is measured and requires a mind to measure two (or more) points in relation to a potential well (third point), these two (or more) points thus establish a ‘gravitational’ field.

 

Other fields, such as electric and magnetic fields would be treated similarly, but being electromagnetic would travel at the speed of light and that would make their action ‘local’ compared to the universal effect of gravity. However, the Half-truth is the ‘dimension’ of the universe and is logical, which means that any mind that accesses the universe must interact by measuring. Space-time is incomplete and formal logic is incomplete without the Half-truth.